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(also known as: argument from omniscience, "how the hell can you possibly know that?")
Description: The argument contains information that seems impossible to have obtained—like it came from an omniscient author. This kind of writing/storytelling is characteristic of fiction, so when it is used in an argument it should cast doubt.
Logical Form:
Claim X is made that nobody could possibly know.
Example #1:
The president is a good man and would have never cheated on his wife, and has never cheated in anything in the past.
Explanation: Clearly the arguer could not know this unless the arguer was with the president all the time. We might assume that the arguer has some special knowledge and find this argument credible when we should only accept it as an opinion from someone who can't possibly know what he or she claims to know.
Example #2:
God wants us to love each other, but he is okay with us killing each other if we are defending our land—we will still go to Heaven.
Explanation: Claims of knowing the mind of God are highly dubious. While we cannot rule out "divine revelation," we would need to weigh that possibility against the likelihood of a false belief.
Example #3:
Larry is pure evil.
Explanation: Larry may be an ass. He might have done many bad things. Heck, he might have even have ripped the “do not remove under penalty of law” tag off his mattress. However, to make claims of “pure” evil, one would have to be Larry. While making absolute claims about a person such as being “pure evil” might just be hyperbole, if we take the claim at face value, knowing the claim to be true would require the kind of omniscience reflected in this fallacy.
Exception: "Seems impossible" is not "impossible." It might be possible that someone actually has the detailed knowledge they claim. We need to keep that option open when thinking probabilistically.
Tip: By simply adding an “I believe” to non-factual arguments and claims, you can avoid many fallacies and be more honest while exercising more humility.
References:
This a logical fallacy frequently used on the Internet. No academic sources could be found.
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Master the "Rules of Reason" for Making and Evaluating Claims
Claims are constantly being made, many of which are confusing, ambiguous, too general to be of value, exaggerated, unfalsifiable, and suggest a dichotomy when no such dichotomy exists. Good critical thinking requires a thorough understanding of the claim before attempting to determine its veracity. Good communication requires the ability to make clear, precise, explicit claims, or “strong” claims. The rules of reason in this book provide the framework for obtaining this understanding and ability.
This book / online course is about the the eleven rules of reason for making and evaluating claims. Each covered in detail in the book.
