Question

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LF2023

No true Scotsman or fallacy fallacy

People who claim to be “ex-homosexuals” were never homosexuals to begin with. 

I’ve heard this when discussing the topic of homosexuality and the ideas behind the subject of one being able to change their sexuality. The claim itself in some discussions has been made that such a claim represents in a sense a no true Scotsman akin to something along the lines of “ex-Christian’s were never real Christians to begin with.” I don’t know some part of such an argument against the claim feels like a combination of the fallacy fallacy built on the foundation of a false equivalence. Thoughts? 

 

asked on Saturday, Nov 23, 2024 04:30:00 PM by LF2023

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Answers

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Bo Bennett, PhD
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Yes, certainly can be a no true scotsman . The problem is, nobody can make that claim - not really even the person who converted. Human behavior is complex and vague labels don't map well with behaviors. Many "ex-homosexuals" are bisexual, and just choose to stay with partners of the opposite gender. If they had sex with someone of the same gender and enjoyed it, it is difficult to claim in any sense of the word that they weren't really gay to begin with. This is more unreasonable rhetoric than anything else.

answered on Saturday, Nov 23, 2024 05:08:30 PM by Bo Bennett, PhD

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AI Fallacy Master
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The statement "People who claim to be 'ex-homosexuals' were never homosexuals to begin with" can indeed be evaluated for logical fallacies, and several issues may arise depending on the context and how the statement is used in argumentation.

1. **No True Scotsman Fallacy**: This is a form of circular reasoning where one dismisses counterexamples to a generalization by claiming they don't meet some unstated, idealized criteria. In this case, the notion that someone claiming to be an "ex-homosexual" was never truly homosexual could be seen as a No True Scotsman fallacy if the criteria for "true homosexuality" are not made clear or are arbitrarily defined to exclude any counterexamples. It dismisses the lived experiences of individuals without substantive criteria.

2. **Fallacy Fallacy**: This occurs when it is assumed that if an argument contains a fallacy, its conclusion must be false. Even if the argument includes a No True Scotsman fallacy, it doesn’t necessarily mean that the conclusion—which questions the permanence of sexual orientation—must be false. Each claim requires examination beyond the fallacy to determine its truthfulness.

3. **False Equivalence**: Comparing "ex-homosexuals" to "ex-Christians" can be an example of false equivalence if the two are not sufficiently similar in relevant aspects. Sexual orientation and religious belief may involve different social, psychological, and personal characteristics, so equating them might overlook important distinctions, such as the fluidity of belief versus the complexity of sexual orientation.

4. **Essentialism**: There's a possible underlying essentialist assumption that one's sexual orientation is an immutable identity, which can be a conceptual problem. It overlooks narratives regarding the fluidity of sexual orientation and the diverse experiences of individuals concerning their sexuality.

5. **Confirmation Bias and Motivated Reasoning**: People might interpret the evidence about "ex-homosexuals" in ways that support their existing beliefs about sexual orientation, ignoring evidence that doesn’t fit their narrative. This can lead to poor reasoning if one only accepts information that confirms preconceived notions.

The evaluation and discussion of such statements require careful consideration of individual experiences, empirical evidence, and a nuanced understanding of human sexuality—recognizing complexity without dismissing valid personal accounts. Each argument and statement should be assessed based on its logical consistency and the supporting evidence.
answered on Saturday, Nov 23, 2024 04:30:22 PM by AI Fallacy Master

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Dr. Richard
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The proposition: People who claim to be “ex-homosexuals” were never homosexuals to begin with. 

Start the analysis by defining the operative term. What is a homosexual?

The most essential function of a definition is clarity of thought because it allows us to know what we are talking about. Beyond that, if we are in a discussion, all must agree to use the same definition in the forum. Otherwise, discussion is impossible because the participants will talk past each other. There are technical rules for definition, but here are the basic rules.

Definitions are contextual. For example, the word“fast.” To go fast is different than to hold fast. A definition identifies the precise components of a “thing” — the thing under discussion.

Components must be coherent and understandable. This means they must be internally consistent. No part of the definition may contain a contradictory concept or term that invalidates the concept being defined. 

And it cannot be circular. That is, one may not use the term being defined as the definition. Lastly, the definition must be literal, not a metaphor or a parable.

When people are in a discussion, and one presents a proposition, unless it is  already agreed upon, the propounder carries the burden of proof to substantiate the proposition. This rule of logic has been around since Aristotle, or maybe Thales. 

I think it is obvious that unless one has evidence to believe something, there is no basis upon which to believe it. Hitchens’s razor says, “What may be asserted without evidence, may be dismissed without evidence.” Carl Sagan added the Sagan standard: “extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.”

So, when someone presents a proposition without evidence, the proper response is not to believe it, point out the lack of evidence for the proposition, and ask the propounder to provide some evidence.

If evidence is forthcoming, then the burden of proof shifts to you. You can accept the evidence, or if you do not find the evidence convincing, it is your burden to explain why.

In other words, you are a long way from analyzing the proposition. 

answered on Saturday, Nov 23, 2024 06:02:50 PM by Dr. Richard

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